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Health Insurance in Germany: Public vs. Private (GKV vs. PKV)
- Authors
- Name
- Mind & Muster
- @mindandmuster
Overview of the German Health Insurance System
Germany has a dual system: statutory (public, GKV) and private (PKV) health insurance. Health insurance is mandatory for everyone living in Germany.
Who Needs Public (GKV) vs. Private (PKV)?
- GKV: Required for most employees earning below ~€69,300/year (2025), students, pensioners, and job-seekers.
- PKV: Available to high earners, the self-employed, and civil servants. Not always the best choice for expats.
How to Sign Up
- Choose a provider (AOK, TK, Barmer, etc. for GKV; many options for PKV)
- Submit your application (online or in person)
- Provide proof of income, address, and ID
- Receive your insurance card
What’s Covered?
- Doctor visits, hospital care, prescriptions, basic dental
- Some extras (e.g., glasses) may not be fully covered
Tips for Expats
- GKV is usually safer and easier to manage for newcomers
- PKV can be cheaper for young/single people, but costs rise with age
- You need proof of insurance to get a residence permit